The Ingredient Registry

Cosmetic ingredient

Acephate, Orthene, O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate

Yes. Acephate is an organophosphate insecticide that is not approved for use in the EU and has been off the European market for roughly two decades. In the US it stays widely registered on food crops, though the EPA has been weighing new limits.

Acephate not approved under Reg (EC) No 1107/2009; authorizations withdrawn via Commission Decision 2003/219/EC (non-inclusion in Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC)

Food additive

Ace-K, Sunett, Sweet One, Acesulfame K, E950

Permitted as sweetener with maximum levels per food category.

FDA-approved with no specific consumer warning required.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a

Ethanal

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as carcinogen category 1B.

Permitted; found as trace in some alcohol-based products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Dimethyl Ketone, Propan-2-one

Permitted in nail polish remover and nail products. Restricted from aerosol products due to flammability and inhalation risk.

Permitted without specific restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a (2025 amendment)

2-Propanone oxime

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Recently classified as CMR substance.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/877

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

AHTN, Tonalide

Newly added fragrance allergen. Must be labeled. Effective July 2026.

Permitted; no labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

CI 20470, Amido Black 10B

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye only.

Permitted without specific restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

CI 15510, D&C Orange No. 4

Permitted as colorant in non-oxidative hair dye only. Not permitted in products applied to mucous membranes or eye area.

Permitted by FDA as D&C Orange No. 4 for external use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

CI 17200

Permitted as cosmetic colorant at max 0.5% in non-oxidative hair dye.

Permitted without concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

CI 10316, Naphthol Yellow S

Permitted as cosmetic colorant with restrictions.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry N/A

Differin

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as pharmaceutical retinoid.

FDA OTC Drug since 2016 at 0.1% (Differin Gel). Available without prescription at any drugstore.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2024/996)

4-Hydroxyphenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, Arbutin, a-Arbutin

Face creams: max 2%. Body lotions: max 0.5%. Skin-lightening function only.

Permitted with no FDA concentration limit. Widely sold at 2-7% in serums.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/996

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 91

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Aluminum, E173, Aluminium powder, CI 77000

Restricted in the EU, not banned: aluminium (E173) is authorized only for the external decoration of sugar confectionery and cake decoration. In the US, metallic aluminium is not approved as a general food color, so this is another case where the direction runs both ways.

Commission Regulation (EU) No 380/2012 (amending Annex II to Reg (EC) No 1333/2008, aluminium-containing additives); EFSA opinion on aluminium (TWI)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (upcoming amendment)

Upcoming: max 6.67% aluminum in antiperspirant products not applied on damaged/irritated skin.

Permitted up to 15% by FDA in OTC antiperspirants.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (upcoming amendment)

ACH

Upcoming EU restriction to max 6.67% aluminum on non-intact or irritated skin. SCCS concluded current levels in antiperspirants are safe for intact skin.

Permitted by FDA up to 25% (in antiperspirant drug products).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS/1613/19

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Aluminum compounds in antiperspirants restricted to max 6.67% aluminum equivalent. SCCS recommended reducing to 6.25% in leave-on cosmetics in its 2020 opinion.

FDA OTC Drug monograph. Max 25% as aluminum sesquichlorohydrate in antiperspirants.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS/1613/19

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Not to be used in aerosol/spray products. Inhalation concerns.

Permitted without spray restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (upcoming amendment)

AZG

Subject to same upcoming aluminum restrictions as Aluminum Chlorohydrate.

Permitted by FDA; most common antiperspirant active in US products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Amaranth, FD&C Red No. 2, Red 2, E123, Azorubine S

This is a reversed case: amaranth, once FD&C Red No. 2, was pulled from the US food supply in 1976 as a suspected carcinogen. Europe never banned it outright and still permits it as E123 for a short list of uses.

E123 authorized for limited uses under Reg (EC) No 1333/2008 (EU food additives), Annex II; EFSA re-evaluation of amaranth (E123), 2010, retained a conservative ADI

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 13

4-Amino-m-Cresol

Permitted as oxidative hair dye at max 1.5% (applied concentration after mixing). Must include warning: 'Hair colourants can cause severe allergic reactions.'

Permitted in hair dyes under FDA coal tar exemption without concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 23

Permitted in oxidative hair dye at max 1.5% (after mixing). Mandatory allergy warning required.

Permitted in hair dyes under coal tar exemption.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 19

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 2.0%. Not permitted for eyelash/eyebrow tinting.

Permitted without concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1345

5-Amino-2-methylphenol, C.I. Oxidation Base 25

Banned for cosmetic use due to CMR classification.

No US cosmetic ban.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1342

p-Aminoazobenzene, Aniline yellow

Banned for use in cosmetic products. CLP Category 1B carcinogen. Metabolizes in vivo to benzidine, also banned.

No specific US ban for cosmetic use; restricted in some food applications.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1290

4-Biphenylamine, Xenylamine

Banned for all cosmetic use. CLP Category 1A carcinogen (known human carcinogen).

Industrially regulated; not commonly found in modern US cosmetic products but historic use existed.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

ALS

Subject to 1,4-dioxane contamination limits and nitrosamine limits when combined with amine-containing ingredients.

Permitted without specific contaminant limits.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 2b

Ammonium Mercaptoacetate

Max 11% in perms and hair straighteners (as thioglycolic acid). Max 8% in depilatories. pH must not exceed 9.5 for hair products, 12.7 for depilatories. Mandatory warnings including 'Contains thioglycolate' and 'Keep out of reach of children.'

Permitted. CIR reviewed. No specific concentration limit in federal regulation, though state cosmetology boards may set limits.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 70

Amylcinnamaldehyde

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 72

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 71 (original 26)

Anisyl alcohol

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 62

Antimony Trioxide, Antimony Pentoxide

Banned for cosmetic use. CMR concerns.

Restricted in cosmetics but contamination found in some imported kohl/surma products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Arnica Extract, Arnica Montana Flower Extract

Permitted in cosmetics at safe levels. Contains sesquiterpene lactones (helenalin) which are potent sensitizers. Must comply with allergen labeling.

Permitted in cosmetics. Available in homeopathic preparations (Arnicare).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 67

Chrysotile, Actinolite, Tremolite

Asbestos in all forms prohibited in cosmetic products.

Not intentionally added. FDA does not require asbestos testing of talc-based cosmetics, though it has found asbestos contamination in some products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Vitamin C, L-Ascorbic Acid

Restricted when used as a pH modifier for AHA products: pH must not go below 3.5. Specific restrictions apply when combined with alpha-hydroxy acids.

No specific FDA regulation on cosmetic use. Available at up to 30% in serums.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS opinion

Food additive

NutraSweet, Equal, Canderel, APM, E951

Permitted as sweetener with specific maximum levels per food category. Mandatory labeling 'contains a source of phenylalanine' required because aspartame is metabolized to phenylalanine, dangerous for people with phenylketonuria (PKU).

FDA-approved with specific acceptable daily intake; mandatory PKU warning required.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 ; Regulation (EU) No 1129/2011

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1379

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

Permitted in fragrance.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

AAtrex, Gesaprim, Atrazine herbicide

Banned as pesticide in EU since 2004 due to groundwater contamination. Residues not permitted on imported food above strict limits.

Permitted by EPA as herbicide. Second most widely used herbicide in US. Detected in drinking water in agricultural regions.

Commission Decision 2004/248/EC

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 5

Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, Parsol 1789

Permitted as UV filter at max 5%. Photounstable; must be combined with stabilizer.

Permitted by FDA up to 3%.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Nonanedioic Acid

Restricted in cosmetics. Concentrations above 10% considered pharmaceutical in many EU countries and require prescription.

15% and 20% formulations are prescription-only (Finacea, Azelex). Lower concentrations available OTC in 'cosmetic' products, though FDA has been lenient on 10% OTC azelaic acid products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

ADA, E927a

Prohibited as food additive in EU. Classified as respiratory sensitizer.

Permitted by FDA as dough conditioner up to 45 ppm in flour.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient

Carmoisine, E122, Food Red 3, Acid Red 14

The direction is reversed here: azorubine (carmoisine, E122) is permitted in the EU, though it carries a mandatory hyperactivity warning, and is not approved for food in the United States. So it is effectively banned in the US, not in Europe.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (E122 authorized); Annex V warning label requirement; EFSA re-evaluation of azo colours (Southampton study, 2007)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry Pending review

Psoralea Corylifolia Seed Extract (unstandardized)

Note: Pure bakuchiol is permitted as a cosmetic ingredient; Psoralea seed extract is restricted due to furocoumarin (psoralen) content.

Permitted with no specific restrictions in US.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS opinion

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

CI Basic Blue 99

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dyes only at max 2%.

Permitted with no specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 25

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 7.5%.

Permitted under coal tar exemption.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 2%.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 28

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 2.0%.

Permitted without concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 30

Tinosorb S, Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, Bemotrizinol

Permitted as UV filter at max 10%.

Approved by FDA as of 12 June 2026 (GRASE) at up to 6%; first new sunscreen filter cleared since 1999. Formulators may use it in US products from 9 August 2026. EU cap remains higher at 10%.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 3

BAK, BKC

Permitted up to 0.1% as preservative.

Permitted; common in OTC eye drops and antiseptic products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 5

Benzol, Phenyl Hydride

Banned for cosmetic use. CLP Category 1A carcinogen.

FDA limits benzene as a contaminant. 2021-2022 recalls of major US sunscreen and aerosol products (Johnson & Johnson, Bayer, Procter & Gamble) for benzene contamination from propellants.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 46

Hyamine

Max 0.1% as preservative in rinse-off products only. Not permitted in leave-on products.

FDA OTC Drug monograph for antiseptic use. Permitted in cosmetics as preservative.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1291

4,4'-Diaminobiphenyl, p-Diaminodiphenyl

Banned for all cosmetic use. CLP Category 1A carcinogen (known human carcinogen).

Industrially regulated by OSHA; not used in modern US cosmetic products. Historic use in dyes was widespread.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 26

Ethyl 4-Aminobenzoate

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Pharmaceutical substance.

OTC drug for oral pain relief (Orajel). FDA issued warning in 2018 about methemoglobinemia risk in children under 2.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1522

BP-1, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone

Prohibited in cosmetic products as CMR substance.

Permitted; used as UV stabilizer in nail products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 4

Oxybenzone, BP-3, Benzophenone-3

Permitted as UV filter at max 6%, but as of 2022 amendment (Reg. 2022/1176) restricted to 2.2% in body products and 6% only in face products requiring high UV protection. Mandatory warning when used as a UV filter above 0.5%.

Permitted by FDA up to 6% in sunscreens.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/1176

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 6

Sulisobenzone, BP-4

Permitted as UV filter at max 5% (calculated as acid).

Permitted by FDA up to 10% in sunscreens.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

BPO

Permitted only in artificial nail systems (max 0.7%). NOT permitted as an acne treatment in EU cosmetics; acne treatment is a medical function requiring drug classification.

Permitted by FDA as OTC acne drug active at 2.5-10%.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III/V, entry 45 (Annex V as preservative), 85 (Annex III as allergen)

Permitted as preservative up to 1% (Annex V). Must be individually labeled as allergen if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off.

Permitted with no labeling requirement for allergenicity.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 81

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1329

BBP

Prohibited in cosmetics as CMR substance.

Permitted by FDA.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 84

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 82

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1377

Prohibited in cosmetics since 2014.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 358/2014

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 158

Citrus Aurantium Bergamia Peel Oil, Bergamot Essential Oil

Bergaptene (5-MOP) content must be below 1 ppm in leave-on products. In practice, this means expressed bergamot oil must be rectified (bergaptene-free/FCF) for leave-on use.

Permitted without specific bergaptene limit. Natural bergamot oil (with bergaptene) widely available.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 330

Betamethasone Valerate, Betamethasone Dipropionate, Celestone

Banned for cosmetic use. Prescription corticosteroid pharmaceutical.

Prescription drug in US. Found illegally in some imported skin lightening creams.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Butylated Hydroxyanisole, E320

Permitted only in specific food categories at low maximum levels (e.g., 200 mg/kg in fats/oils). Much more restrictive than US. Under ongoing review.

Permitted by FDA as GRAS up to 0.02% of fat/oil content. FDA ordered new safety review in February 2026.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 232

Butylated Hydroxytoluene, E321

Permitted up to 0.8% in body lotions/creams, 2% in other cosmetics. Must be labeled.

Permitted with no FDA concentration limit in cosmetics.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Butylated Hydroxytoluene (food), E321, Butylated Hydroxytoluene

Permitted in EU only for specific food categories at restricted levels. Much more limited than US applications.

Permitted by FDA as GRAS. Very widely used in US packaged foods.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 53

Trihydroxytriethylammonium Bismuth

Permitted up to 0.5% in hair products for progressive coloring. Limited cosmetic uses.

Permitted in US hair products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 23

Tinosorb M, Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol

Permitted as UV filter at max 10%.

NOT approved by FDA for US sunscreens.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

BPA, Bisphenol A, 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol

Banned in all food contact materials in the EU, effective January 20, 2025 with transitional period through December 2026. Specifically prohibited in can linings, plastic food containers, kitchen utensils.

FDA banned BPA in baby bottles, sippy cups, and infant formula packaging (2012-2013) but permits use in adult food packaging including can linings. Many US manufacturers have voluntarily switched to BPA-free alternatives but BPA is still legal.

Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/3190

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1729

BPAF, Bisphenol AF, hexafluorobisphenol A

Prohibited in cosmetic products from 1 September 2025 as CMR substance.

Permitted, no specific FDA cosmetic restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/877

Food additive

Bisphenol S, BPS, 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol

Yes: when the EU banned BPA in food-contact materials, it swept in bisphenol S as well, so BPS is prohibited in EU food packaging under the 2024 regulation. The US has no comparable federal ban, and BPS is widely used as a BPA substitute.

Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/3190 (19 Dec 2024; bans BPA and other hazardous bisphenols, incl. bisphenol S, in food-contact materials); staged transition from 2026

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 266

Thiobisphenol

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

FDA banned from cosmetics in 1967, one of only about 11 substances the FDA has formally banned.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Brilliant Blue FCF, FD&C Blue No. 1, E133

Authorized with maximum use levels under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. Not subject to the EU hyperactivity warning label: E133 is not one of the six Southampton dyes (E102, E104, E110, E122, E124, E129).

Permitted by FDA with no warning label or use level restrictions.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Food additive

Indigo Carmine, Indigotine, FD&C Blue No. 2, E132, CI 73015

Permitted with maximum use levels.

Permitted by FDA.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 1a

Banned in products for children under 3 (except bath products); strict concentration limits in adult oral hygiene and other categories.

Permitted with no equivalent age restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

BVO, E443, Brominated Vegetable Oil

Not authorized as food additive in EU.

FDA revoked authorization in July 2024, effective August 2025. Was previously permitted up to 15 ppm.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 20

2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol

Permitted up to 0.1% as preservative. Formaldehyde-release labeling required. Must not form nitrosamines.

Permitted with no specific FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 12a

Butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Nipabutyl, Butyl paraben

Limited to 0.14%; prohibited in leave-on products for nappy area for children under 3.

Permitted, no FDA concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2014/1004

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1666

Lilial, BMHCA, Butylphenyl Methylpropional

Prohibited in all cosmetic products since March 2022 as CMR substance.

Permitted; widely used as floral fragrance note.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1902

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry N/A

Juniperus Oxycedrus Wood Tar, Juniper Tar Oil

Prohibited when obtained by destructive distillation (pyrolysis). The ban covers crude cade oil; rectified versions may be permitted under strict conditions.

Available in some traditional/artisanal products. Not widely used commercially.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 174

Cadmium compounds

Cadmium and its compounds prohibited in cosmetic products.

Not permitted as intentional ingredient. FDA monitors cadmium as contaminant in cosmetics, particularly in lip products and children's makeup.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1374

CI 77199, Cadmium Yellow

Banned for cosmetic use. Cadmium and all its compounds are prohibited.

Heavily restricted but cadmium contamination still found in some imported cosmetics, particularly cheap eyeshadow palettes.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 15d

Slaked lime

Hair straighteners: max 7% (as Ca(OH)2). pH of product must not exceed 12.7.

Permitted with no specific FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 144

Prohibited in aerosol dispensers. Max 11% in other products. Not for children under 3.

Permitted by FDA up to 11% in OTC drug products; no cosmetic limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 6

Mexoryl SO

Permitted as UV filter at max 6%.

NOT approved by FDA.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

E150d, Sulfite Ammonia Caramel, Caramel IV, Ammonia sulfite process caramel

Permitted as coloring with specific maximum levels per food category. Limit on 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) byproduct: max 200 mg/kg.

FDA-approved. California Prop 65 lists 4-MEI as a carcinogen; manufacturers selling Coca-Cola and Pepsi in California reformulated to reduce 4-MEI content.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 ; California Prop 65

Cosmetic ingredient

Carbadox, Mecadox

Yes: the EU banned carbadox, an antibiotic-like growth drug for pigs, back in 1999 over cancer concerns. The US still allows it in swine, though the FDA has moved to withdraw it.

EU prohibition of carbadox as a feed additive (1999); withdrawal under the EU feed-additive framework (later Reg (EC) No 1831/2003)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 12

Urea peroxide

Products containing 0.1-6% hydrogen peroxide equivalent (present or released): restricted to dental practitioners only. Below 0.1% H2O2 equivalent: permitted OTC.

Permitted OTC in teeth whitening products at much higher concentrations (up to 35% equivalent H2O2 in some professional products).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; EU Council Directive 2011/84/EU

Cosmetic ingredient

Carbaryl, Sevin, 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate

Yes: the EU withdrew all agricultural and garden uses of carbaryl in 2007. In the US it is one of the most widely applied insecticides, sold for decades as Sevin, though home formulations have been phased out.

Commission Decision 2007/355/EC (non-inclusion of carbaryl in Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC; withdrawal of authorizations)

Cosmetic ingredient

Carbendazim, Carbendazole, MBC, BCM

Yes: carbendazim lost its EU approval in 2014 and was never renewed, over concerns it harms fertility and development. In the US it is not registered on its own, but it can still reach food as the breakdown product of a related fungicide.

EU approval of carbendazim expired 30 Nov 2014 (no renewal application) under Reg (EC) No 1107/2009; classified repro-tox 1B under Reg (EC) No 1272/2008; candidate for substitution

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a (nano form only)

CI 77266 (nano)

Carbon black in nano form is prohibited. Non-nano carbon black is permitted as colorant (CI 77266) in Annex IV with purity criteria.

Permitted in both nano and non-nano forms.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/858

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 366

Tetrachloromethane, Carbon Tet

Banned for all cosmetic use. CLP Category 2 carcinogen and ozone-depleting substance.

Heavily restricted by EPA. Not commonly found in modern cosmetic or consumer products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Carboxymethylcellulose, Cellulose gum, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC, E466

No: carboxymethylcellulose, the thickener you see on labels as cellulose gum, is permitted in both the EU and the US. It is not banned anywhere. But it is one of the emulsifiers the newer gut-microbiome research is asking harder questions about.

E466 authorized under Reg (EC) No 1333/2008 (EU food additives); EFSA re-evaluation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (E466), EFSA Journal 2022;20(12):7665 (data gaps identified)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

CI 75470, Cochineal, E120, Natural Red 4

Permitted as cosmetic colorant. Must be declared as 'CI 75470' or 'carmine.' Subject to allergen considerations.

FDA requires declaration as 'carmine' or 'cochineal extract' on labels (since 2009) due to allergy risk. Permitted in food and cosmetics.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Irish Moss Extract, Chondrus crispus extract, E407

Permitted as food additive (thickener, gelling agent, stabilizer). Specifically prohibited in infant formula in the EU and several other countries.

FDA-approved as GRAS. Permitted in US infant formula until 2014 when it was voluntarily removed by major manufacturers under consumer pressure.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 ; Regulation (EU) No 231/2012

Food additive

Poligeenan, Acid-hydrolyzed carrageenan

Degraded carrageenan (poligeenan) is not authorized as food additive. Food-grade carrageenan (E407) is permitted with strict molecular weight requirements.

FDA distinguishes food-grade from degraded but enforcement is debated.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

Newly added allergen. Must be labeled. Effective July 2026.

Permitted; no labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 11

CTAB

Permitted as preservative at max 0.1%.

Permitted with no specific FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 50

CPC

Max 0.1% as preservative in cosmetics. In oral care: max 0.1%. Higher concentrations treated as pharmaceutical.

FDA OTC Drug monograph for oral antiseptic use at up to 0.1%. Available in Scope, Crest Pro-Health mouthwash.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 421

Wormseed Oil, Chenopodium Ambrosioides Oil

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

Permitted as essential oil. Historically used as antiparasitic.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V / Annex III, entry 41 / 51

Chlorhexidine Digluconate, Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride

Max 0.3% as preservative, max 0.1% in oral care rinse products used by consumers. Higher concentrations treated as pharmaceutical.

Prescription mouthwash at 0.12% (Peridex). OTC products available with lower concentrations. FDA regulates as drug for oral use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Pathogen Reduction Treatment, Chlorine-washed chicken

EU prohibits use of any substance other than water to remove surface contamination from poultry. Chemical decontamination treatments (chlorine dioxide, peroxyacetic acid, trisodium phosphate) are not authorized.

Permitted and standard practice. USDA-FSIS allows antimicrobial treatments including chlorine in poultry processing.

Regulation (EC) No 853/2004; Commission Regulation (EC) No 2015/1474

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1276

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

Permitted as hair dye intermediate.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 41

Permitted up to 0.3% as preservative.

Permitted with no specific FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1379

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 12

Chlorbutol

Max 0.5% as preservative. Not permitted in aerosol products.

Permitted as preservative in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 80

Trichloromethane

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

FDA banned in drugs/cosmetics; largely phased out.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Chlorothalonil, Bravo, Daconil, TCPN

Yes: the EU refused to renew chlorothalonil in 2019 over cancer concerns and breakdown products that turn up in groundwater. In the US it is still one of the most heavily used fungicides, common on peanuts, potatoes, and tomatoes.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/677 (non-renewal of chlorothalonil); approval expiry 31 Oct 2019; EFSA conclusion on the peer review of chlorothalonil, 2018

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 23

PCMX, Para-chloro-meta-xylenol

Max 0.5% as preservative in cosmetics.

Active ingredient in Dettol. FDA OTC Drug monograph for antiseptic use. Permitted in cosmetics without specific limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 43

Permitted up to 0.3% as preservative.

Permitted with no FDA concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Dursban, Lorsban, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-ethyl

All EU authorizations for chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl as plant protection products expired January 16, 2020. Effective ban on use in EU agriculture.

EPA banned for food crop use in August 2021. EPA partially reinstated some uses in 2024 following a court ruling, creating ongoing regulatory uncertainty.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/18

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

CI 77289

Permitted as colorant but not in lip products or products applied near eyes. Must meet heavy metal purity standards.

FDA permitted for external cosmetic use and eye area.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

Pigment Yellow 1, Hansa Yellow G

Permitted in cosmetics but not in products applied to mucous membranes or eye area.

Permitted by FDA for external use, not for eye area.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

D&C Red No. 36

Permitted for rinse-off products only. Not permitted in products applied to mucous membranes.

FDA permitted for drug and cosmetic use including lip products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

FD&C Yellow No. 6, Sunset Yellow, E110, Sunset Yellow FCF

Permitted as cosmetic colorant. As a food additive (E110), requires mandatory hyperactivity warning label in the EU: 'may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.'

FDA certified. Permitted in food and cosmetics without warning labels.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

FD&C Red No. 40, Allura Red, E129, Allura Red AC, CI 16035

Permitted as cosmetic colorant. As food additive (E129), requires hyperactivity warning. Some EU countries have voluntarily phased it out of food.

Most widely used red food dye in the US. FDA certified. No warning required.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry CI 42090

FD&C Blue No. 1, Brilliant Blue FCF, E133

Permitted as cosmetic colorant with purity criteria.

Permitted by FDA (FD&C Blue No. 1).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

D&C Yellow No. 10, Quinoline Yellow, Quinoline Yellow WS, E104, CI 47005

Permitted as cosmetic colorant. Not permitted in products applied to mucous membranes in some formulations.

FDA certified for drug and cosmetic use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry CI 60725

Violet 2, D&C Violet No. 2

Permitted only in products not applied to mucous membranes.

Permitted by FDA for external use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry CI 77163

Bismuth Oxychloride

Permitted as colorant with purity criteria; not permitted in lip or eye products in some formulations.

Permitted by FDA with no specific purity requirements.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

Iron Oxides Red, Red Iron Oxide

Permitted as colorant with heavy metal impurity limits: arsenic <3 ppm, lead <20 ppm, mercury <1 ppm, cadmium <1 ppm, antimony <2 ppm, chromium <100 ppm, zinc <100 ppm, barium <100 ppm.

FDA certified. Permitted for all cosmetic use including eye and lip area.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

Iron Oxides Yellow, Yellow Iron Oxide

Permitted as colorant with same heavy metal impurity limits as CI 77491.

FDA certified. Permitted for all cosmetic use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

Iron Oxides Black, Black Iron Oxide

Permitted as colorant with same heavy metal impurity limits.

FDA certified. Permitted for all cosmetic use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 83

Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamic aldehyde

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

Cinnamon oil

Must be labeled as allergen. Contains cinnamal and other sensitizers.

Permitted; no labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 76

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

Methyl cinnamyl ether

Newly added allergen. Must be labeled. Effective July 2026.

Permitted; no labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 74

Geranial, Neral

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

When used as an AHA exfoliant: max 10% in leave-on, pH not below 3.5, sun sensitivity warning required. Exempt when used as a pH adjuster at lower concentrations.

No specific FDA regulation on cosmetic use. GRAS for food use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS opinion

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 86

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Citrus Red 2, C.I. Solvent Red 80

Yes: Citrus Red No. 2 was never authorized as a food color in the EU. In the US it was allowed only to dye the skins of mature oranges, a use industry abandoned years ago, and the FDA proposed revoking even that in July 2026.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (Citrus Red No. 2 not on the EU authorized color list)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 32

Permitted as preservative/anti-dandruff at max 0.5%.

Permitted; no specific FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry N/A

Clobetasol

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as pharmaceutical (potent corticosteroid).

Prescription-only drug (Temovate). Not permitted in OTC cosmetics but has been found in imported skin-lightening products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Poncho, Belay

Outdoor use banned across EU member states since 2018 (greenhouse use only permitted).

EPA-approved for agricultural use.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/784

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 382

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Pharmaceutical substance.

FDA OTC Drug. Available in antifungal products without prescription.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1396

Coal tar solution, various coal tar dyes, Pix carbonis

Coal tar is prohibited; specific coal-tar-derived colorants individually evaluated.

FDA permits coal tar in OTC dandruff/psoriasis products and as hair dye color additive (with disclaimer).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 459

Liquor Carbonis Detergens, LCD

Coal tar and its derivatives prohibited in cosmetic products.

FDA OTC Drug monograph: coal tar 0.5-5% approved for dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis (Neutrogena T/Gel, MG217).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 60

Cocamide diethanolamine, Coconut oil acid DEA, CDEA

Permitted only with strict controls on N-nitrosamine impurities; under continuous review.

Permitted; California Prop 65 listed.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 60

Cocamide monoethanolamine

Same nitrosamine restrictions as Cocamide DEA. Must not form nitrosamines. Max secondary amine content limited.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

CAPB

Permitted but purity standards apply: must contain less than 0.01% dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and less than 0.1% amidoamine impurities, which are known sensitizers.

Permitted without specific purity requirements for DMAPA content.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1717

Silver (nano)

Prohibited in nano form in cosmetics since November 2024.

Permitted; FDA does not regulate nano specifically.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/858

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1716

Copper colloidal, Copper Powder (nano)

Prohibited in nano form in cosmetics since November 2024.

Permitted, no specific nano restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/858

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 423

Saussurea Costus Root Oil, Saussurea Lappa

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

Permitted in fragrances, though IFRA restricts it.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 77

Coumarin, 2H-chromen-2-one, 1,2-benzopyrone

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted in cosmetics; banned as food additive.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · REACH Annex XVII, entry Entry 70

D4/D5 mixture

Subject to same restrictions as D4/D5 components. Banned in wash-off at >0.1%.

Permitted with no restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH)

Cosmetic ingredient · REACH Annex XVII, entry Entry 70

D5, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone (in part)

Banned in wash-off products at >0.1%. Under review for leave-on restrictions.

Permitted with no restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH) ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/35

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II (REACH) / Annex III, entry REACH Annex XVII Entry 70

D4

Banned in wash-off products at >0.1%. Restricted in leave-on products. Classified as very persistent, very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substance.

Permitted with no restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH) ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/35

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry CI 15850

CI 15850, Lithol Rubine B

Permitted as colorant with strict purity criteria. Barium lake form (D&C Red No. 7) has additional restrictions.

Permitted by FDA for drug and cosmetic use (D&C).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2024/996)

Restricted to 0.02% maximum concentration in cosmetic products. SCCS confirmed safe at this level (opinion of 16 September 2022).

Permitted, no FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/996

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

Rose ketone

Newly added allergen. Must be labeled. Effective July 2026.

Permitted; no labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 13

DHA preservative, Sodium Dehydroacetate

Max 0.6% (as acid) in cosmetic products.

Permitted without specific concentration limit in cosmetics.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

Newly added fragrance allergen. Must be individually labeled. Effective July 2026.

Permitted; no labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1334

CI 76050, 2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate, C.I. Oxidation Base 12

Banned for use in cosmetic products, including hair dyes. Classified as Category 1B carcinogen.

Permitted with caution warnings in US hair products. Still found in some imported permanent hair dye formulations.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 8b

2,4-Diaminophenol, 2,4-Diaminophenol HCl

Permitted in oxidative hair dye at max 0.5% (after mixing). Mandatory allergy warning required on packaging.

Permitted under coal tar exemption without concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 46

Permitted up to 0.5% as preservative; formaldehyde-release labeling required.

Permitted, widespread use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a

Prohibited in cosmetic products as CMR substance.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1328

DBP, Dibutyl Phthalate

Prohibited in cosmetics as CMR substance.

Permitted by FDA; California Prop 65 warning required.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

1,3-Dichloropropene, 1,3-D, Telone, DCP

Yes. 1,3-Dichloropropene, the soil fumigant sold as Telone, is not approved for use in the EU. In the US it is one of the highest-tonnage agricultural chemicals, injected into fields before planting.

1,3-Dichloropropene not approved under Reg (EC) No 1107/2009; non-inclusion under Directive 91/414/EEC (Commission Decision 2011/36/EU and predecessors)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1369

DEA, 2,2-Iminodiethanol, Diethanolamine

Prohibited as cosmetic ingredient.

Permitted, though largely reformulated out.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry Various

DEP

Permitted in EU cosmetics but under ongoing regulatory scrutiny. Subject to fragrance allergen labeling. Banned in toys.

Permitted in US cosmetics. Most widely used phthalate in fragrance.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 31

DHHB, Uvinul A Plus

Permitted as UV filter at max 10%.

NOT approved by FDA.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1213

DEHP, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Ortho-phthalates, DBP, DINP, Phthalate plasticizers

Prohibited in cosmetics as CMR substance.

Permitted in cosmetics; FDA monitors plasticizer migration.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

DHA

Permitted in self-tanning products. Must NOT be used in spray/aerosol applications that could lead to inhalation exposure.

Permitted by FDA including in spray-booth applications.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · REACH Annex XVII, entry Entry 70 (D4/D5 trace limits)

Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS

Must meet D4/D5 trace limits in wash-off products. Dimethicone itself is not banned.

Permitted with no trace limits.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH)

Cosmetic ingredient

Dimethoate, Cygon, omethoate (metabolite)

Yes: the EU refused to renew dimethoate in 2019 because its breakdown product is a likely mutagen. France went further and blocked cherry imports from countries that still use it. The US EPA still allows it on cherries, pears, and apples.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1090 (non-renewal of dimethoate); grace period on cherries to 17 Oct 2019; France emergency decrees on cherry imports, 2016-2021; EFSA conclusion on omethoate mutagenicity

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

DMBC, alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethyl alcohol

Newly added allergen. Must be labeled. Effective July 2026.

Permitted; no labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a (CMR)

DMAEMA

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as CMR substance.

Permitted; found in some professional nail systems.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1424

Prohibited as ingredient. As trace contaminant in ethoxylated surfactants, must meet good-manufacturing-practice trace limits.

FDA monitors; New York State requires < 1 ppm in personal care from 2023.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

DPA, Diphenylamine, N-phenylaniline

Not approved as pesticide in EU since 2012. Very low residue limits on imported food.

Permitted by EPA as post-harvest treatment on apples and pears.

Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Diquat, Diquat dibromide, Reglone

Yes: the EU refused to renew diquat in 2018, citing operator and aquatic risk. In the US it is still widely sprayed as a pre-harvest desiccant to dry down potatoes, soybeans, and other crops before harvest.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1532 (non-renewal of diquat); EFSA conclusion on the peer review of diquat, 2015 (AOEL exceedance for potato desiccation)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 33

1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin

Permitted as preservative up to 0.6%. Mandatory 'releases formaldehyde' label if released formaldehyde exceeds 0.001% (10 ppm), per Regulation (EU) 2022/1181.

Permitted, no concentration limit; subject of class-action suits.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 20

Mexoryl XL

Permitted as UV filter at max 15%.

NOT approved by FDA. Patented by L'Oréal; available in their EU products but not US versions.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 12

Mexoryl SX, Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid

Permitted as UV filter at max 10%.

FDA approved in 2006 for one specific product (Anthelios SX) but not generally available for other sunscreen formulations.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 19

Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid, PBSA

Permitted as UV filter at max 8% (calculated as acid).

Permitted by FDA up to 4%.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

E968, meso-Erythritol, Sugar alcohol

No: erythritol (E968) is authorized in both the EU and the US. It is not banned in Europe. A 2023 study tied high blood levels to cardiovascular risk, which is worth knowing but does not change its legal status.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex II (E968); EU authorization of erythritol 2015; EFSA re-evaluation

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 388

Erythromycin Estolate, Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate

Banned for cosmetic use. Antibiotic pharmaceutical.

Prescription antibiotic in US. Topical formulations exist as drugs (not cosmetics).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 411

17-beta-Estradiol, E2

Banned for cosmetic use. Hormonal pharmaceutical.

Prescription drug in US for hormone replacement therapy. Cosmetic use prohibited.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

17-beta-Estradiol (as cattle feed additive)

Banned for use as growth promoter in farm animals across all EU member states. EU also bans the import of meat from cattle treated with this hormone.

FDA-approved for use as a growth promoter in beef cattle since the 1950s. Currently one of six growth hormones permitted in US beef production.

Council Directive 96/22/EC ; Directive 2003/74/EC

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

4-Allylanisole, Methyl Chavicol

Not to be added intentionally. Permitted only as natural component of essential oils at max trace levels. SCCS considers it genotoxic and carcinogenic.

GRAS for food use. Permitted in cosmetics without specific restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS/1600/18

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 642

2-Ethoxyethanol, Cellosolve

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Ethoxyquin, EMQ, Santoquin

Yes: the EU denied ethoxyquin authorization as a feed additive in 2022, after suspending it in 2017. The US still allows it in animal feed and in small amounts in chili powder and paprika.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1375 (denial of authorization); Reg (EU) 2017/962 (earlier suspension, now repealed); EFSA opinion, 27 January 2022

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Used in nail products. Not permitted in aerosol form at high concentrations.

Permitted without restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a (CMR)

Prohibited as monomer in cosmetic products. Classified as carcinogen category 2.

Permitted in acrylate copolymers.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

EtO, Ethylene Oxide Residue, Ethylene oxide, Oxirane, 2-oxirane

Ethylene oxide use for food sterilization is banned in the EU. Maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.05 mg/kg.

FDA permits ethylene oxide for sterilization of certain foods including spices and dried herbs with residue limits.

Regulation (EU) No 396/2005

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 12

Octinoxate, Octyl Methoxycinnamate, OMC, Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Permitted as UV filter at max 10%. Under SCCS review for endocrine disruption; concentration limits expected to tighten.

Permitted by FDA up to 7.5% in sunscreens.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 8

Octisalate, 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate

Permitted as UV filter at max 5%.

Permitted by FDA up to 5%.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 22

Uvinul T 150

Permitted as UV filter at max 5%.

NOT approved by FDA for US sunscreens.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 12

Permitted up to 0.4% (single) or 0.8% (mixtures).

Permitted with no FDA concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 73

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 92

Treemoss extract

Must be individually labeled. Same atranol/chloroatranol restrictions as oakmoss.

Permitted with no restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 92

Oakmoss extract

Must be individually labeled. Restricted due to high sensitization rate. Max atranol/chloroatranol content strictly controlled.

Permitted with no concentration limit or labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 78

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry CI 45430

Erythrosine, CI 45430, E127, FD&C Red No. 3

Permitted only in products not applied to lips or mucous membranes (EU). In food: permitted with restrictions.

FDA banned in cosmetics/food as of January 2025 (phase-out through 2027).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry CI 19140

Tartrazine, CI 19140, E102, FD&C Yellow No. 5

Permitted as cosmetic colorant. In FOOD: requires hyperactivity warning label for children.

Permitted by FDA (FD&C Yellow No. 5); no warning label required.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 424

Ficus Carica Leaf Extract

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

IFRA restricted. Available in niche perfumery.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Flufenacet, Fluthiamide

Yes: the EU voted in 2025 not to renew flufenacet, calling it an endocrine disruptor and a source of a stubborn water contaminant. The US EPA still registers it for corn, soybeans, and cereals.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/910 (non-renewal of flufenacet); entry into force 10 Jun 2025; use of stocks permitted until 10 Dec 2026; EFSA endocrine-disruptor conclusion, 2024

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1577

Methanal, Formalin

Prohibited as cosmetic ingredient since 2019. Products containing formaldehyde-releasing preservatives must carry a 'releases formaldehyde' warning if released formaldehyde exceeds 0.001% (10 ppm), per Regulation (EU) 2022/1181 (lowered from the previous 0.05% threshold).

Permitted up to 0.2% as preservative; California requires Prop 65 warnings.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1577

Formalin/urea resin

Prohibited. Any resin that releases formaldehyde above trace limits is banned.

Permitted; common in nail hardeners like Nail Envy.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 14

Methanoic Acid

Max 0.5% (as acid) when used as preservative.

Permitted without specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2024/996)

Restricted to 0.007% maximum concentration in cosmetic products. SCCS confirmed safe at this level (opinion of 16 September 2022).

Permitted, no FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/996

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 79

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 48

Glutaral, 1,5-Pentanedial

Max 0.1% as preservative in cosmetics. Prohibited in aerosol products. Warning required: 'Contains glutaraldehyde (where concentration exceeds 0.05%)'.

Permitted in cosmetics. CIR reviewed. Also used in hospital sterilization.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

Hydroxyacetic acid

Leave-on products for home use: max 4% at pH >= 3.5. Professional use: up to 70% at pH >= 2.5. Warning labels required.

Permitted with no federal concentration limit. CIR recommends max 10% for home use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Oxoacetic Acid

Under review by SCCS. Currently permitted but subject to formaldehyde release testing: products must not release formaldehyde above 0.2% during heat activation.

Permitted. Widely used in salon keratin/smoothing treatments marketed as 'formaldehyde-free.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS opinion

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Glyoxyloylcysteine

Under SCCS review alongside glyoxylic acid. Subject to formaldehyde release limits during heat application.

Permitted. Used in professional smoothing treatments.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS opinion

Food additive

Roundup (active ingredient), N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine

Approved as pesticide in EU but with strict conditions. Approval renewed in December 2023 for 10 years after contentious debate. Individual EU member states can restrict further.

Permitted by EPA. Most widely used herbicide in US. Classified as 'probably carcinogenic' by IARC (2015).

Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009; Implementation Reg. (EU) 2023/2660

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1718

Au (nano)

Prohibited in nano form since November 2024.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/858

Food additive

Fast Green FCF, FD&C Green No. 3, CI 42053, E143

Effectively yes: Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green No. 3) is not authorized as a food color anywhere in the EU, which in Europe's positive-list system has the same force as a ban. In the US it is FDA-approved and batch-certified, though it is America's least-used food dye.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex II (Union list; E143 absent)

Food additive

Green S, E142, Acid Green 50, CI 44090

A third reversed case: Green S has never been authorized for food in the US, so it is effectively banned there. The EU permits it as E142, and it is common in European mint sweets and peas.

E142 authorized under Reg (EC) No 1333/2008 (EU food additives), Annex II; EFSA re-evaluation of Green S (E142), 2010

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 29

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 2.0%.

Permitted without specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dyes only at max 2.8% (oxidative: max 0.4% after mixing).

Permitted with no specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 31

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 1.0%.

Permitted without specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dyes only.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 30

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 1.0%.

Permitted without specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 26

4-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-nitrophenol

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye products at max 1.0%. Not permitted in products intended for dyeing eyelashes or eyebrows.

Permitted in hair dyes without concentration limit under FDA coal tar exemption.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 27

2-[(2-Nitrophenyl)amino]ethanol

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 1.5%. Banned from eyelash/eyebrow products.

Permitted without concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

HEMA, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Hydroxyethyl methacrylate

Restricted, not banned. The EU restricts HEMA, a gel-nail monomer, to professional use only, with mandatory warnings. It is not prohibited, and the US sets no federal restriction at all.

Commission Reg (EU) 2020/1682 (HEMA and Di-HEMA trimethylhexyl dicarbamate, Annex III professional-use-only); SCCS/1592/17; CLP harmonized classification (Skin Sens. 1, Skin Irrit. 2, Eye Irrit. 2)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 372

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

FDA restricted to prescription-only use since 1972. Formerly in pHisoHex soap. Still available by prescription for surgical scrub.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

Galaxolide, HHCB

Newly added fragrance allergen. Must be labeled. Effective July 2026.

Permitted; no labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 87

Hexyl cinnamaldehyde

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Hexyl salicylate, Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Restricted, not banned: from 1 May 2026 the EU caps hexyl salicylate, a near-ubiquitous floral fragrance note, at 2 percent in perfume down to 0.001 percent in toothpaste, after classifying it as a suspected reproductive toxicant. The US sets no binding limit.

Commission Regulation (EU) 2026/78 (Omnibus VIII), Annex III entry 380, applicable 1 May 2026; SCCS/1658/23 and addendum; CLP Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/2564

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 3

Homomenthyl salicylate, HMS

Limited to 7.34% in face products only; banned in body products as of 2022 amendment due to endocrine disruption concerns.

Permitted by FDA up to 15% in sunscreens.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/1176

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 297

Cortisol

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as pharmaceutical substance.

FDA OTC Drug at up to 1%. Available without prescription at any drugstore.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 12

Hair products: max 12% H2O2. Skin products: max 4%. Oral products: max 0.1%. Nail hardeners: max 2%.

Permitted with no equivalent federal concentration limits for cosmetics.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 12

H2O2

Maximum 12% in hair preparations, 4% in skin contact, 6% in nail preparations.

Permitted in US hair products at higher concentrations.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1339

1,4-Dihydroxybenzene

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Permitted in artificial nail systems only, up to 0.02% after mixing.

Sold OTC up to 2% (was historically; 2020 CARES Act removed OTC status, but enforcement variable). Available by prescription.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 14

Mequinol, 4-Methoxyphenol

Permitted only in artificial nail systems at max 0.02% (after mixing).

Permitted in nail products and as depigmenting agent.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1339

Quinol Sulfate

Banned for cosmetic use. Salt form of hydroquinone, falls under same Annex II ban.

Subject to FDA hydroquinone restrictions (prescription-only as of 2020 in most formulations).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (2024 amendment)

Permitted only in toothpaste up to 10% and mouthwash up to 0.465% under specific physical-chemical criteria.

Permitted, no specific nano restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/858

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 80

Limited to 1% in finished products. Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off.

Permitted with no concentration limit or labeling requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 12a

Permitted in oxidative hair dye at max 1.5% (after mixing).

Permitted under coal tar exemption.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 16a

Permitted in oxidative hair dye at max 0.5% (after mixing).

Permitted under coal tar exemption.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1380

Lyral, HICC

Prohibited in cosmetic products since August 2021 due to high allergenic potential.

Permitted, no specific restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1410

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 223

HPR, Granactive Retinoid

Subject to retinoid restrictions as retinol equivalent. Max 0.3% body, 0.05% face/hand. Not for children under 3 or lip products.

No specific FDA concentration limit. Marketed as a gentle retinoid alternative.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/996

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 34

Permitted in non-oxidative hair dye at max 2.6% and oxidative hair dye at max 1.0% (after mixing).

Permitted without specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Confidor, Gaucho, Admire, Imidacloprid, neonicotinoid, neonic

Outdoor use of imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids (clothianidin, thiamethoxam) banned across all EU member states since 2018 due to harm to bees and pollinators. Greenhouse use only permitted.

EPA-approved for use as agricultural insecticide. Most widely used insecticide globally; US is one of the largest markets.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/783

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 27

Permitted up to 0.6% as preservative. Mandatory formaldehyde-release labeling if applicable.

Permitted, widespread use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 58

IPBC

Max 0.02% in leave-on products, 0.01% in body lotions/creams. Not permitted in products for children under 3, oral products, lip products, or products for large body areas. Iodine sensitivity warning required.

Permitted in cosmetics. CIR reviewed and approved with concentration limits.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Iprodione, Rovral

Yes: the EU refused to renew iprodione in 2017 after concluding it should be treated as a carcinogen. The US EPA still registers it, and classifies it as a likely human carcinogen while allowing residues on stone fruit and grapes.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2091 (non-renewal of iprodione); grace period to 5 Jun 2018; EFSA proposed carcinogen category 1B classification

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 27

Uvasorb HEB, Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone

Permitted as UV filter at max 10%.

NOT approved by FDA.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1375

Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Isobutyl paraben

Prohibited in cosmetics since 2014.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 358/2014

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 89

Limited to 0.02% in finished products. Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off.

Permitted with no concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Isopropyl Alcohol, IPA, Rubbing Alcohol

Restricted in oral care products. Max denaturant levels apply. Not permitted in aerosol products for children.

Permitted. FDA OTC monograph for hand sanitizer at 70%. No cosmetic-specific restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

IPM

Purity requirements: must not contain nitrosamines above 50 ppb. Part of broader EU regulation on secondary amine-containing cosmetic ingredients and nitrosamine formation.

Permitted without specific purity requirement for nitrosamines.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1374

Prohibited in cosmetics since 2014.

Permitted, no FDA action.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 358/2014

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 376

13-cis-Retinoic Acid, Accutane, Roaccutane

Banned for cosmetic use. Prescription-only pharmaceutical in EU. Severe teratogen.

Prescription drug only in US, with mandatory iPLEDGE registration due to teratogenicity. Cosmetic use prohibited but found in some imported counterfeit products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a (CMR)

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as CMR (reproductive toxin). Available only as prescription medicine in EU.

Permitted by FDA as OTC anti-dandruff active at 1% (Nizoral A-D).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (2024 amendment)

5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyranone

Permitted only at 1% in face and hand creams from 2024; banned in body care.

Permitted, no specific FDA concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/197

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

Kojic Acid (parent compound) is restricted to 1% in face and hand products via Reg. 2024/996. Whether Kojic Dipalmitate (an ester derivative) is independently listed or falls under the parent restriction is unconfirmed.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/996

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a

Max 2.5% for home use at pH >= 3.5 when used for skin peeling. Warning label required.

Permitted with no specific FDA concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Wool Wax, Adeps Lanae

Permitted. Must meet pesticide residue limits (as wool grease can concentrate pesticides used in sheep dipping). Purity standards for contaminants.

Permitted without specific pesticide residue requirement for cosmetic grade.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 163

2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, Henna extract

Permitted only in hair dye at max 1.0%. Not permitted in products for children under 2 years or in products intended for the face.

Permitted for hair dye use. FDA allows henna only for hair; not approved for skin.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 289

Lead (II) Acetate, Sugar of Lead

Prohibited in all cosmetic products.

FDA banned in 2018 from hair dyes (final rule effective 2019).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 289

Lead (II) Acetate, Sugar of Lead

Banned for all cosmetic use, including the longstanding use as a progressive hair dye colorant.

Banned by FDA in October 2018 for hair dye use, with compliance deadline 2021. Previously permitted up to 0.6% in progressive hair colorants like Grecian Formula.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 304

Lignocaine

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Pharmaceutical substance.

OTC drug at up to 4% for external analgesic use. Also found in some cosmetic products (lip plumpers, after-wax treatments).

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 88 (Reg. 2023/1545)

d-Limonene, Dipentene

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off products. Oxidized limonene is a potent contact allergen.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance' on labels.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 90 (Reg. 2023/1545)

Must be individually labeled if >0.001% in leave-on or >0.01% in rinse-off. Oxidized linalool is a significant contact allergen.

Permitted; can be hidden under 'fragrance.'

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 15c

Hair straighteners: max 2%. Other: pH adjustment only.

Permitted with no FDA concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 9

3-Aminophenol

Permitted in oxidative hair dye up to 1.2% (after mixing).

Permitted with no specific FDA concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Malathion, Maldison, carbophos

Restricted, not banned: the EU cut malathion back to permanent greenhouses only and withdrew its outdoor uses from 2019. The US EPA allows it broadly, on crops and for mosquito control, so the everyday gap is real even though it is not a clean ban.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1495 (amended conditions of approval; malathion restricted to permanent greenhouses, outdoor authorizations withdrawn by 29 Apr 2019); further conditions under Reg (EU) 2026/372

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

As an AHA: max 10% in leave-on, pH not below 3.5, sun sensitivity warning required.

No specific FDA regulation on concentration in cosmetics.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS opinion

Cosmetic ingredient

Mancozeb, Manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, Dithane, Manzate

Yes: the EU let mancozeb's approval lapse in 2020-21, classifying it as toxic to reproduction and a suspected endocrine disruptor. In the US, it remains one of the more widely used agricultural fungicides.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2087 (mancozeb non-renewal); EFSA conclusion on mancozeb (reproductive toxicity, endocrine disruption)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

As an AHA, subject to EU requirements: max 10% concentration in leave-on products (4% for professional use in peels), pH must not be below 3.5, must include sunburn alert warning.

No specific FDA regulation on concentration. Available in OTC products up to 10%+ and professional peels at 40%+.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS opinion

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry N/A

CI 77742, Ammonium Manganese Pyrophosphate

Permitted as cosmetic colorant. Not permitted in lip products.

FDA permitted for external use and eye area but not lips.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

MGA

Banned as growth promoter in farm animals in all EU member states.

FDA-approved synthetic progestin used in US feedlot heifers to suppress estrus and improve weight gain.

Council Directive 96/22/EC

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry n/a (Reg. 2023/1545)

Newly added fragrance allergen. Must be individually labeled if above thresholds. Not for products for children under 3 (except toothpaste).

Permitted with no labeling requirement as allergen.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 221

Mercury compounds, Phenylmercuric acetate, Thimerosal, Phenylmercuric salts, Calomel

Prohibited in all cosmetic products. Phenylmercuric salts permitted only as preservative in eye makeup up to 0.007% (Annex V entry 17).

FDA limits mercury to unavoidable trace amounts below 1 ppm in all cosmetics (21 CFR 700.13); sole exception allows up to 65 ppm as a preservative in eye-area cosmetics when no effective and safe non-mercurial alternative exists. Widely flagged in illegally imported skin-lighteners.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 221

Mercuric Iodide, Red Mercury

All mercury compounds prohibited in cosmetics.

Banned by FDA in cosmetics at above 1 ppm (trace allowance for preservatives containing phenylmercuric salts in eye cosmetics). However, enforcement is an issue: FDA has seized many imported skin lightening products containing mercury.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Methyl Alcohol, Wood Alcohol

Max 5% in ethanol (as denaturant). Must not be present as a free solvent ingredient.

Not permitted as intentional ingredient in most cosmetics. Can be present as denaturant in SD Alcohol.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 641

2-Methoxyethanol, Methyl cellosolve

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

Permitted; found in some industrial-grade nail products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Methoxyfenozide, Intrepid, Runner

Yes, as of 2026: the EU let methoxyfenozide's approval expire in March 2026 with no renewal, and formally removed it from the approved list. The US EPA still registers it for fruits and vegetables.

Methoxyfenozide EU approval expired 31 Mar 2026 (no renewal) under Reg (EC) No 1107/2009; removed from the approved-substances list by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1154

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 358

Methoxsalen, Xanthotoxin, 8-MOP

Banned for cosmetic use. Pharmaceutical photosensitizer for medical PUVA therapy.

Prescription drug in US (Oxsoralen, Uvadex). Cosmetic use prohibited but historically found in some tanning products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 90

Methyl Octine Carbonate, Violet Leaf Aldehyde

Max 0.01% in leave-on products, 0.1% in rinse-off products.

IFRA restricted. No specific FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 93

Methyl heptin carbonate

Limited to 0.01% in leave-on products when used as fragrance. Must be individually labeled.

Permitted with no specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Permitted in cosmetics with restrictions. Not for children's products in certain formulations.

Permitted without specific restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

MEK, Butanone, 2-Butanone

Permitted in nail products. Not for spray application. Subject to flammability and inhalation restrictions.

Permitted without specific restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 451

Prohibited as intentional ingredient. May be present as natural constituent if <0.01% in fine fragrance, <0.004% in eau de toilette, <0.002% in cream, <0.001% in other leave-on.

Permitted; no restriction on intentional use.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 22a

MMA

Prohibited in nail products. Classified as respiratory sensitizer and skin sensitizer.

FDA advises against but has not formally banned. Some states have banned it. Still used in some discount nail salons.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 311

MMA Monomer

Banned for use in cosmetic nail acrylic systems. Causes severe allergic sensitization and respiratory effects.

FDA discourages use but not federally banned. Most US states ban it for cosmetology use (over 30 states prohibit). Replaced by safer EMA (Ethyl Methacrylate) in legitimate salons.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 324

Wintergreen oil

Strict concentration limits across product categories (0.06% in leave-on skin/hair products); not to be used in products for children under 6 except toothpaste.

Permitted, no equivalent age restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/1531

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 15a

Permitted in oxidative hair dye at max 1.5% (after mixing).

Permitted under coal tar exemption.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a (moved from Annex VI, effective May 2025)

4-MBC, Enzacamene, 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor, MBC

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Formerly permitted as UV filter; moved to Annex II due to endocrine disruption evidence.

Not FDA-approved as UV filter (not in monograph) but found in some imported products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; SCCS opinion

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 39

MCI, CMIT

Permitted only in rinse-off products at max 0.0015% in 3:1 ratio with MI; banned in leave-on.

Permitted with FDA Cosmetic Ingredient Review limits but no leave-on ban.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1383

MDBGN, Dibromodicyanobutane

Prohibited in all cosmetic products since 2008.

Permitted; still found in some imported products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 676

Dichloromethane, DCM, Methylene Dichloride

Banned for cosmetic use. Category 2 carcinogen, suspected of causing cancer.

Permitted in some US consumer products with concentration limits. EPA finalized risk evaluation in 2024 restricting industrial uses.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1577

Formaldehyde solution, Formalin, Brazilian blowout active

Prohibited. This is formaldehyde in aqueous solution; same prohibition as formaldehyde.

Permitted in hair smoothing treatments; OSHA exposure limits apply.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Sesamol

Restricted use in cosmetics. Subject to safrole-related substance controls.

Permitted without specific restriction. Used as antioxidant.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a (Reg. 2025/877)

Prohibited in cosmetic products from 1 September 2025.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/877

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1750

4-MEI

Prohibited in cosmetic products from 1 September 2025.

Permitted; California Prop 65 warning when above thresholds.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/877

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 57

MI, MIT

Banned in leave-on cosmetics since 2017; permitted in rinse-off products up to 0.0015% (15 ppm).

Permitted, no specific FDA limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 39

MIT/CMIT, Kathon CG, Isothiazolinone Mix

The combination (3:1 CMIT:MIT) permitted only in rinse-off products at max 15 ppm. Banned in leave-on products since 2016.

Permitted in both rinse-off and leave-on cosmetics. No specific leave-on ban.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1198

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 12

Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, E218, Nipagin M, Methyl paraben

Permitted up to 0.4% (single ester) or 0.8% (mixtures). Not restricted in leave-on for children under 3.

Permitted with no FDA concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex IV, entry CI 77019

CI 77019

Permitted as colorant with purity criteria. Nano form has additional labeling requirements.

Permitted by FDA with no purity documentation requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II/III, entry 306 (when unrefined)

Paraffinum Liquidum, Mineral oil (petroleum), Liquid paraffin

Same refining requirement as petrolatum. Must demonstrate full refining history and non-carcinogenic profile.

Permitted by FDA with no refining history documentation requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 310

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as a pharmaceutical substance in the EU.

FDA-approved OTC drug for hair loss (Rogaine). Available without prescription at 2% and 5% concentrations.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 330

Elocon, Elocom

Banned for cosmetic use. Class III high-potency corticosteroid; prescription pharmaceutical in EU.

Prescription drug in US. Found illegally in some imported skin lightening creams.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1379

Hydroquinone Monobenzyl Ether, 4-Benzyloxyphenol, Benoquin

Banned for cosmetic use. Causes permanent loss of skin pigmentation.

FDA-approved prescription drug for vitiligo depigmentation (Benoquin 20%). Not approved for OTC cosmetic use but appears in unregulated imported skin lightening products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Morpholine, Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine

Yes: morpholine is not authorized in the EU, and fruit waxed with a morpholine-based coating cannot be sold there. In the US, the FDA permits it as a coating agent on fresh fruits and vegetables.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (morpholine not authorized as a food additive); European Commission position on morpholine-waxed fruit

Food additive

Monosodium glutamate, E621, Sodium glutamate, Ajinomoto

No: MSG (E621) is authorized as a flavor enhancer in both the EU and the US. The "banned in Europe" claim is a myth, and the decades-old health panic around it never held up in controlled studies.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, Annex II (E621); Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012; EFSA 2017 re-evaluation (group ADI 30 mg/kg bw/day)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 65

4-tert-Butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitroacetophenone

Permitted in rinse-off products only at max 1.4%. Prohibited in oral products.

Permitted with no concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 64

5-tert-Butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene

Permitted in rinse-off only at max 1.0%. Prohibited in oral products.

Permitted with no concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1257

Metol, 4-(Methylamino)phenol

Banned for cosmetic use. Skin sensitizer and CMR concerns.

Permitted in US hair products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a

DMPT

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as carcinogen.

Permitted; common catalyst in acrylic nail application.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 22

alpha-Naphthol, CI 76605

Permitted in oxidative hair dye at max 2.0% (after mixing). Allergy warning mandatory.

Permitted under coal tar exemption.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1292

beta-Naphthylamine, 2-Aminonaphthalene

Banned for all cosmetic use. CLP Category 1A carcinogen (known human carcinogen).

Industrially regulated; not used in modern US cosmetic products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 58

Nicotinamide, Vitamin B3

Permitted in leave-on products. Specific purity requirements apply. Must not contain more than 5 ppm of nicotinic acid (niacin) as impurity.

No specific FDA regulation on concentration. Available in products at 2-20%+.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1093

Nickel compounds

Nickel and its compounds prohibited as intentional cosmetic ingredients. REACH also restricts nickel release from items in prolonged skin contact.

Not regulated as cosmetic contaminant at federal level. Nickel is the #1 cause of allergic contact dermatitis worldwide.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Cellulose Nitrate

Permitted in nail varnish. Must be appropriately plasticized and stabilized for safety (as concentrated/dry nitrocellulose is explosive).

Permitted in nail products without specific restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry N/A

Nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol

Restricted in cosmetic products. Not permitted at concentrations that would provide spermicidal activity. Subject to 1,4-dioxane contamination limits (same as other ethoxylated ingredients).

FDA OTC Drug monograph as spermicide. Also used in some cosmetic products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · REACH Restriction, entry Annex XVII Entry 78

Polyamide-12

Microplastic particles of nylon-12 restricted under REACH microplastics restriction. Phased timeline by product type.

Permitted with no restriction.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH) ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2055

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1289

2-Methoxyaniline, ortho-Anisidine

Banned for use in all cosmetic products. CLP Category 1B carcinogen.

No US ban; appears in some imported hair dye formulations.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 10

Permitted up to 10% as UV filter, but ongoing SCCS review due to benzophenone breakdown product concerns.

Permitted by FDA up to 10%.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Olean, Sucrose polyester

Never authorized as food additive in EU.

Permitted by FDA since 1996. Warning label requirement removed in 2003. Largely fallen out of commercial use.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient

Orange B

The direction is reversed here. Orange B was a US-only dye once allowed on hot dog and sausage casings, and in July 2026 the FDA revoked even that listing. It was never authorized in the EU, so it counts as banned in the US, not Europe.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (Orange B not on the EU authorized color list)

Cosmetic ingredient

Oxamyl, Vydate

Yes. The EU declined to renew oxamyl, a carbamate insecticide and nematicide, and its approval lapsed in 2023. The US keeps it registered under the Vydate brand.

Commission Implementing Reg (EU) 2023/741 (non-renewal of oxamyl); approval expired 30 June 2023; Reg (EC) No 1107/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 51

8-Hydroxyquinoline

Permitted up to 0.3% as stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide in hair care. Must not be used as preservative.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 9b

4-Aminophenol

Permitted in oxidative hair dye up to 0.9% (after mixing).

Permitted with no specific concentration limit.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1336

4-Ethoxyaniline, para-Phenetidine

Banned for use in cosmetic products. Suspected of causing cancer and heritable genetic damage.

No specific US cosmetic ban.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 8

PPD, p-Phenylenediamine, para-Phenylenediamine, 1,4-Diaminobenzene, PPDA

Permitted in oxidative hair dyes up to 2% (after mixing). Banned for non-oxidative hair dye and direct skin application.

Permitted in hair dye; FDA-approved color additive. Henna black tattoos using PPD are illegal in US.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 167

Para-aminobenzoic acid

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Entry covers 4-aminobenzoic acid and its esters with free amino group.

Removed from FDA monograph but not actively prohibited.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex VI, entry 1

Ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA, OD-PABA

Permitted as UV filter at max 8%.

Permitted by FDA up to 8%.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 12a

Paraben blend, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben

Total concentration of all parabens combined must not exceed 0.8% (as acid). Individual paraben limits also apply. Propyl and butylparaben (and their salts): max 0.14% individually or combined. Banned in leave-on products for the nappy area of children under 3.

No combined paraben limit. Individual parabens permitted without specific concentration cap.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 2014/1004

Food additive

Gramoxone, Paraquat dichloride, Methyl viologen

Banned in all EU member states since 2007 for use in agriculture.

EPA-approved for restricted use only by certified applicators. Heavily used in US agriculture. EPA reaffirmed registration in 2021 despite cancer and Parkinson's disease concerns. Subject of major ongoing US class-action litigation.

Commission Decision 2007/629/EC

Food additive

PHO, Trans Fats, Industrial Trans Fatty Acids, Partially Hydrogenated Oils

Industrial trans fatty acids capped at 2 grams per 100 grams of fat in food intended for the final consumer or supplied for retail (effective April 2021). Technically a restriction, not an outright ban, but the cap is low enough that it functions as a ban on partially hydrogenated oils as an ingredient.

FDA effectively banned in 2015 by removing PHOs from the GRAS list; compliance deadline was June 2018 with extensions through 2020. PHOs are no longer permitted in US food products.

Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/649 ; FDA 21 CFR 184.1472

Food additive

Acid Blue 3, Sulphan Blue, Patent Blue V, E131, CI 42051

Permitted with maximum levels per food category.

BANNED by FDA in foods. Not approved as a color additive in US food.

Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1378

Prohibited in cosmetics since 2014.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 358/2014

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry n/a (2024 amendment)

Sodium perborate

Prohibited in cosmetic products. Classified as reproductive toxin.

Permitted in OTC teeth whitening and hair bleach.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 116

Myroxylon Pereirae, Balsam of Peru

Must be declared on label. Subject to IFRA limits. Max 0.4% in fine fragrance.

Permitted without specific limit. Common in lip balms, hand creams, and pharmaceutical products.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II/III, entry 306 (when unrefined)

Petroleum jelly, Vaseline, Petrolatum (white)

Permitted ONLY when full refining history is known and substance is proven non-carcinogenic. Unrefined or insufficiently refined petrolatum is prohibited (Annex II). In practice, manufacturers must provide proof of refining.

Permitted by FDA as skin protectant with no refining history requirement.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 306

Petroleum, Mineral spirits

Prohibited unless full refining history is known and the substance is not classified as carcinogen.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Food additive

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, PFOA, PFOS, Forever Chemicals, PFAS

Specific PFAS compounds (PFOA, PFOS) banned globally under the Stockholm Convention. Regulation (EU) 2025/40 (PPWR) prohibits food-contact packaging exceeding PFAS thresholds (25 ppb per individual targeted PFAS; 250 ppb sum of targeted PFAS; 50 ppm total PFAS including polymeric), applicable from 12 August 2026. Denmark led with a 2020 ban on PFAS in food contact paper and board.

FDA negotiated voluntary phase-out of certain PFAS in food packaging (announced 2024). Some US states (California, Maine, New York, Washington, etc.) have enacted faster bans. No federal ban yet on most PFAS in food packaging.

Regulation (EU) 2025/40 ; State-level US action

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex III, entry 44

Carbolic acid

Permitted in soap at max 1%, other products at max 0.2%.

Permitted by FDA as OTC antiseptic.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry N/A

Phenolsulfonphthalein, CI 45430

Prohibited in cosmetic products.

Not commonly used in cosmetics but not specifically banned.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 29

2-Phenoxyethanol

Permitted as preservative up to 1.0%. No additional restrictions for children.

Permitted with no FDA concentration limit. CIR approved up to 1%.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex V, entry 43

1-Phenoxy-2-propanol

Max 1.0% as preservative. Not permitted in products intended for children under 3 years.

Permitted without specific restriction or child-product exclusion.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · REACH Annex XVII, entry Entry 70 (as D4/D5 trace contaminant)

Must meet D4/D5 trace limits (<0.1% D4, <0.1% D5). The silicone itself is not banned but must be purified.

Permitted with no D4/D5 trace limits.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 221

PMA

All organomercury compounds prohibited.

FDA permits at max 65 ppm as preservative in eye cosmetics ONLY, the single exception to the US mercury ban in cosmetics.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1376

Prohibited in cosmetics since 2014.

Permitted.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 ; Commission Regulation (EU) 358/2014

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1639

o-Phenylphenol, OPP, Orthophenylphenol

Banned as a cosmetic preservative due to skin sensitization and suspected carcinogenicity concerns.

Permitted in US personal care; used as a preservative and disinfectant.

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009

Cosmetic ingredient

Phorate, Thimet

Yes. Phorate, an acutely toxic organophosphate, is not approved in the EU and is listed under the Rotterdam Convention for prior informed consent. The US keeps it as a restricted-use insecticide.

Phorate not approved under Reg (EC) No 1107/2009; withdrawal under Commission Reg (EC) No 2076/2002; Rotterdam Convention Annex III listing (2019)

Cosmetic ingredient

Phosmet, Imidan, Prolate

Yes: the EU refused to renew phosmet in 2022 over risks to operators, residents, and bees, and gaps in its safety data. The US EPA still registers it, and it is a common organophosphate on tree fruit like apples.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/94 (non-renewal of phosmet); withdrawal by 1 May 2022, grace to 1 Nov 2022; EFSA conclusion (risks to operators, residents, bees; incomplete phosmet-oxon data)

Cosmetic ingredient · REACH Annex XVII, entry 75

CI 74160, Phthalocyanine Blue

Banned in tattoo inks and permanent makeup as of January 2023.

Permitted. No FDA regulation of tattoo ink pigments.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH)

Cosmetic ingredient · REACH Annex XVII, entry 75

CI 74260, Phthalocyanine Green

Banned in tattoo inks and permanent makeup as of January 2023 under REACH restriction. Contains chlorinated compounds.

Permitted. FDA does not regulate tattoo ink pigments; they are technically subject to FDA authority but enforcement is minimal.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH)

Cosmetic ingredient · REACH Annex XVII, entry 75

CI 12315

Subject to purity limits in tattoo inks: max 0.1 ppm benzo[a]pyrene, max 0.5 ppm of aromatic amines. Must meet REACH Annex XVII entry 75 requirements.

No specific FDA regulation for tattoo inks.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex XVII (REACH)

Cosmetic ingredient · Annex II, entry 1378